Article 0002: The Power of Digital Twins
by Obada Wazwaz
The construction industry is rapidly evolving and changing. With the quite recent adoption of BIM (Building Information Modelling) the process of designing, constructing, and operating a building or asset has changed dramatically. One of the most groundbreaking advancements in this field are digital twins. A digital twin is a dynamic digital representation of a physical object, in our case buildings and systems. However, it goes beyond traditional 3D models by integrating real-time data from sensors and devices within the building. This creates a living model that changes with the physical counterpart in a digital space. The potential of this technology is vast and can revolutionize every process of design, construction, and long-term operation and maintenance of the building. While there are many advantages of digital twins, the three key points we will discuss are enhancing planning and design, improved construction management, and predictive maintenance.
When it comes to the initial phase of a building’s lifecycle, planning and design, a digital twin is able to offer many advantages. When a virtual replica of the proposed physical building is created, architects and engineers can simulate different scenarios, optimize design, and foresee any issues before they arise. As an example, different structural materials can be tested within the digital twin to assess the buildings structural stability. Additionally, having a digital twin prior to construction is a massive advantage to the client and stakeholders. With a virtual representation of the building, clientele can have immersive virtual walkthroughs, which is a great advantage, especially for less technical individuals who may not have the engineering background to see the full picture from traditional 2D drawings. This not only aids in making informed design decisions but also enhances client engagement by providing a clear, tangible vision of the final product.
Figure 1
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For the construction phase, digital twins can allow for real-time monitoring and management of all aspects of the construction site. As a project manager, data from sensors on the site can feed information into the digital twin model and allow for a comprehensive view of progress and potential problems. As a site supervisor, you can monitor worker activity and location within the site to allow for safer, more effective work on site. Additionally, digital twins can assist in resource optimization, cutting costs where necessary. By analysing data from the digital model, estimation teams can streamline the use of materials, labour, and equipment, increasing efficiency and reducing waste. All in all, these factors can contribute to significant cost savings during the construction of the project.
Finally, after the construction phase, comes the longest phase of a building’s lifecycle: maintenance. Once the digital twin has been updated to match the physical constructed model, the digital twin will continue to receive data from sensors within the building for monitoring. Predictive analytics can forecast failures and maintenance needs. As an example, sensors in an HVAC system can monitor airflow. Once the sensor detects a reduction in airflow from the usual rate, it might be time to replace the air filters or conduct some regular maintenance before it becomes a major problem on the occupants of the building. Overall, this approach will streamline maintenance processes and ensure effective and efficient building operation.
These advantages only scratch the surface of the potential of Digital Twins. Referencing the following chart (figure 1) the industry is currently at the early stages (levels 1-2) of digital twin adoption, with immense potential to progress to advanced stages (levels 3-5). This future vision includes predictive analytics, comprehensive real-time data integration, and autonomous decision-making, which will drive further innovation and efficiency. The adoption of digital twins represents a significant leap forward for the construction sector, promising smarter, more efficient, and sustainable buildings. The future of construction is undeniably digital, with digital twins leading the charge towards a more innovative and effective industry.
Conclusion
To conclude, the AEC and Property Management (Real Estate) industries are on the verge of a technological revolution when it comes to adopting digital twins as standard practice. This dynamic technology far exceeds traditional 2D drawings and even 3D models by constantly updating the model to match the physical asset and by integrating real-time data from sensor and devices, creating a living representation of the overall building. It is able to enhance and offer significant cost reductions in the design, construction and operation phases.
Obada Wazwaz
Digital Construction Specialist
My name is Obada Wazwaz, I am a Digital Construction Specialist Intern at XD House. My work mainly involves drafting and refining detail drawings, working with our team to provide an extensive BIM Model for our clients, and conduct R&D into Revit automation by creating custom plugins using Dynamo and other programming software such as Python. I am a recent graduate with a background in Mechanical Engineering, I look to advance my knowledge in Architecture, MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) and general Building Sciences here at XD House.